Cost and time to cross the Atlantic has dropped by more than 90% in the last 500 years.

Transatlantic travel time has dropped radically in the last 500 years.  Time to transit the Atlantic has dropped about 99% and cost has dropped about 95% by my calculations.

Let’s look at several data points for cost and time, then calculate one indicator of improved quality of life.

Human Progress provides fun data points on August 2, 2018 in their post, A Reminder of How Far Transatlantic Travel Has Come.

Update: An earlier post on November 27, 2015 discussed Time to cross the Atlantic – 500 year history.

Update: Added in travel time of Concorde at end of the post.

Columbus’ first trip

The 1492 trip by Christopher Columbus took two years of lobbying before the king and queen of Spain approved 2 million Spanish maravedis to fund the trip. A professor has calculated that would be comparable to about US$1,000,000 today.

The cost seems low to me. I’ll look at that more later.

Crew size was 87 according to this article. The accountant in me is driven to calculate the cost per crewman.  That would give an average cost of $11,494. I’ll round that to $11,500 and ignore any adjustment for several crew members who died on the trip.

His trip took two months, nine days, which I calculate at 70 days (30+31+9).

Mayflower

The Pilgrims traveled on the Mayflower, with cost of five pounds, which would be about $1,000 today, according to the article.

That cost seems extremely low given the technology, the times, and that the only income from the trip was from the Pilgrims. Thus I will ignore that data point.

That was 1620. Trip across the Atlantic took 66 days, not counting the month and a half the Pilgrims lived on the ship as they made a few false starts.

Steamship

Article says first steamship to cross the Atlantic took 207 hours back in 1819. That is 8.625 days.

Titanic

I previously provided some travel costs and time. See Titanic exhibit in San Diego – dollars and time to cross the Atlantic. Scheduled transit time was 7 days, with goal of setting record at 5 days. Let’s go with 6 days.

Cost for second class ticket was equivalent to around $1,200 today and third class tickets ran from $298 to $793 today, according to an article I found, which is cited in my discussion. Since we are looking at the economy seats through this discussion, I’ll go with average of the third class prices. Also, since the cost of Columbus’ voyage was round trip and pricing of airplane flights is round trip, I’ll infer a round trip on the Titanic.  Thus the price I’ll use is $1,100 rounded up from $1,091 ( (298+793) / 2 for average * 2 for round trip).

Air travel

What about today?

A round trip airfare cost an average of $1,248 in 1990 and $1,175 in 2013 (2013 dollars) according to the Human Progress article.

Today I checked an on-line flight shopping service for flights from Madrid to San Salvador a month in the future.  Nine flights are available with costs from $556 to $803 for a round trip. Nine options with cost between $804 and $895. Ten more still under $1,000. Let’s go with $800.

Two shortest flights are 13 hours 40 minutes and 14 hours. Let’s go with 14 hours flight time, add 3 hours travel to airport and early check-in, plus another hour to get out of the airport. That is 18 hours travel time, which is .75 days.

 Drop in cost and time

Let’s put that data into a spreadsheet. Here is the above data, sorted by time, with the year, travel time in days, and approximation of per person cost.

 

reference point	year	days	cost
Columbus	1492	70.00	$     11,500
Pilgrims	1620	66.00	$       1,000
1st steamship	1819	8.63
Titanic	1912	6.00	$       1,100
airfare	1990		$       1,218
airfare today	2018	0.75	$         800

 

For purposes of calculating the drop in time and cost, I’ll use only the info for sailing ships on Columbus’ trip, steamships in the Titanic era, and airplanes today.

reference point	year	days	cost
Columbus	1492	70.00	$     11,500
Titanic	1912	6.00	$       1,100
airfare today	2018	0.75	$         800

 

Here is the drop in travel time and cost as percentages:

reference point	year	days	cost
columbus to Titanic	420	-91.4%	-90.4%
Titanic to today	106	-87.5%	-27.3%
cumulative	526	-98.9%	-93.0%

 

So, let’s ignore the range of uncertainty around the older reference points. Let’s ignore the rough conditions of steerage on the Titanic and the harsh, life-threatening conditions on the Santa Maria. Let’s don’t infer any extra value to the air conditioning, foam padded seating, and non-worm infested food on a modern plane.

Given those assumptions, the more precise calculation shows travel time has dropped 91% in 420 years plus another 87% in the next 106 years, for a cumulative drop in travel time of 98.9% over the 526 years.

Travel cost has dropped 90% and another 27%, for cumulative drop in cost of 94% in the same timeframes.

If we wanted to increase the drop in travel cost, we could add in the lost wages of spending 2 months at sea compared to one day out of your schedule. I suppose we could factor in the modest probability of dying in transit during the trips by Columbus or the Pilgrims.

Updated:  Reader Ali W pointed out the analysis didn’t include either the supersonic Concorde or U.S.A.F. SR-71 recon plane. Fun idea!

Concorde cruised at 1,350 mph compared to 570 mph for 747-400. Several reports say the Concorde could get from New York to Paris in under 3 1/2 hours. Let’s call it 3.5 hours in the air. Add 2 hours check in and 1 hour to get out of airport would be 6.5 hours transit time. That would be 0.27 days.

Just looked at a travel site which shows travel time from JFK in New York to CDG in Paris of 8.3 hours for 3,625 miles. Add in 2 hours and 1 hour at each end would be 12.3 hours, or 0.51 days.

The Concorde only had the range to go between New York and either London or Paris.  Extra fuel on the “B” version added another 500 miles range. So, need to recalibrate the calculation to include New York/Paris instead of Madrid/San Salvador.

Here’s what the travel time looks like:

reference point	days Madrid to San Salvador	days New York to Paris	percent drop	cumulative change
Columbus	70
Titanic	6		91.4%	91.4%
jet today	0.75	0.51	87.5%	98.9%
Concorde		0.27	47.1%	99.4%